Essentials of a Civil Suit:
Jurisdiction: The court must have the authority to hear the case, which depends on factors like the subject matter and the geographical location of the parties involved.
Parties to the Suit: There must be a plaintiff (the party bringing the suit) and a defendant (the party against whom the suit is brought).
Cause of Action: A clear statement of the facts that give rise to a legal claim, showing that the plaintiff is entitled to relief.
Pleading: Formal documents filed by the parties, including the complaint (by the plaintiff) and the answer (by the defendant), outlining their respective claims and defenses.
Summons: A document issued by the court notifying the defendant of the lawsuit and requiring their response.
Service of Process: The procedure by which the defendant is formally notified of the legal action, ensuring they have an opportunity to respond.
Evidence: Both parties must present relevant and admissible evidence to support their claims or defenses.
Trial: A formal examination of evidence before a judge (and sometimes a jury) to determine the outcome of the case.
Judgment: The official decision of the court resolving the dispute and stating the rights and obligations of the parties.
Appeal: The process by which a party requests a higher court to review and change the outcome of the case.
- مدعی (Plaintiff): جو مقدمہ دائر کرتا ہے۔
- مدعا علیہ (Defendant): جس کے خلاف مقدمہ دائر کیا جاتا ہے۔
- دعویٰ (Complaint): مدعی اپنا موقف بیان کرتا ہے۔
- جواب (Answer): مدعا علیہ اپنا دفاع پیش کرتا ہے۔