Salient Features of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973 with Amendments

Salient Features of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan's 1973 Constitution with Amendments

The 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, drafted after a period of political instability, established an Islamic democratic republic. Here are some of its key features, considering amendments up to 1998:

Islamic Identity:

Preamble and Objectives Resolution: 

Pakistan is declared an Islamic Republic. The Objectives Resolution outlines Islamic principles that guide the government.

State Religion: 

Islam is the state religion, but religious freedom for minorities is guaranteed.

Federal Parliamentary Democracy:

Federal System: 

Power is divided between the federal government and the provinces.

Parliamentary System: 

The Prime Minister is the head of government, chosen by the Parliament and accountable to it.

President: 

The President is the Head of State, with some executive powers.

Fundamental Rights:

Equality and Non-discrimination: 

Citizens are equal before the law, regardless of religion, race, or gender.

Fundamental Rights: 

The Constitution guarantees basic rights like freedom of speech, assembly, and religion.

Directive Principles of State Policy: 

These principles guide the government towards social justice, economic well-being, and Islamic values.

Amendments (1994-1998):

Eighth Amendment (1994): 

Enhanced the President's powers, creating a period of semi-authoritarianism.

Thirteenth Amendment (1997): 

Imposed certain Islamic punishments, a controversial move.

Fifteenth Amendment (1997): 

Gave the military a greater role in national security policy.

Eighteenth Amendment (1998): 

A landmark amendment aimed to devolve power to the provinces and strengthen democracy. It weakened the President's powers and restored the balance envisioned in the original constitution.

It's important to note:

The amendments, particularly the Eighth, sparked debate about the balance of power and the role of Islam in the state.
The Eighteenth Amendment is considered a significant step towards a more federal and democratic Pakistan.

Further Exploration:

You can find the full text of the Constitution on the National Assembly website: National Assembly of Pakistan
For a deeper understanding, consider researching specific amendments and their impact on Pakistani politics.