Leading cases on Pakistan Penal Code (PPC)
1. Confessional statement:
A confession statement that is not corroborated by other independent evidence has no value in the eyes of the law. (PLJ 2000 Quetta 1357)
2. Possession of counterfeit currency:
Possession of counterfeit currency notes does not constitute an offense under S. 489 B PPC. (PLD 1996 P.Cr.L.J 815)
3. Qatl:
Qatal does not always mean murder. It can also refer to unintentional killings. (PLJ 1996 Cr.C (Pesh) 733)
4. Civil suit:
If a civil suit is pending before a civil court for the same matter, bail may be granted in a criminal case. (2007 SCMR 1546)
5. Absconding:
Absconding to save oneself from police harassment, with no evidence of destroying evidence, can be a reason for granting bail. (PLD 2007 (Kar) 127)
6. Close relatives:
If the accused are close relatives of the complainant and there is no reason to believe they are falsely implicated, bail may be granted. (2007 YLR 1192)
7. Material for counterfeiting:
If material suspected of being used for counterfeiting is not sent to an expert for examination, further inquiry may be allowed. (2009 YLR 5 Islamabad)
8. Cancellation of bail:
Bail can be cancelled if the accused absconds or tampers with evidence. (2009 YLR 1270)
Preparation of scene of occurrence CD: The preparation of a CD of the scene of occurrence is not proof that an offense was committed. (2011 YLR 353)
9. Identification test:
When the accused is not known to the complainant, an identification test is necessary. (1995 P.Cr. L.J 88)
10. Recovery of stolen goods:
The mere recovery of stolen goods from a person does not necessarily make that person the thief. (2009 YLR 106 Kar.)
11. Litigation between parties:
If litigation between the parties is pending before a civil court for the same cause of action, bail may be granted. (PLJ 2000 Lah. 193)
12. Previous enmity:
If there is previous enmity between the parties, identification must be carefully scrutinized. (PLD 1997 Lah. 689)
13. Compromise:
Even if an offense is not compoundable, a compromise between the parties at the investigation stage can be a consideration for bail. (2009 YLR 49(a) Pesh.)
14. Vicarious liability:
A person can be held vicariously liable for an offense committed by another person if they abetted the offense. (1986 NLR SC 885)
15. Benefit of doubt:
When the prosecution has no evidence against an accused, they are entitled to bail. (NLR 2001 454)
16. Non-bailable offense:
Even if an offense is not bailable, bail can be granted if the accused is not likely to abscond or tamper with evidence.
These are just a few examples, and there are many other leading cases on the Pakistan Penal Code. If you are interested in a specific provision of the PPC, I can try to find some relevant cases for you.
Please note that these are just summaries of the cases and do not include the full details. If you need more information about a specific case, you can try searching for it online using the citation provided.
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