Complete Information about "Judicial System of Pakistan"
Introduction:
Pakistan is a federal parliamentary republic located in South Asia, with a population of approximately 220 million. The country has a civil law legal system, which is largely based on the British common law system that was inherited from colonial rule.
Sources of Law:
The sources of law in Pakistan include the Constitution of Pakistan, which is the supreme law of the land, legislation enacted by the Parliament and Provincial Assemblies, Islamic law or Sharia, and the common law. Judicial precedent and customary law also play a significant role in the legal system of Pakistan.
Court System:
The court system of Pakistan is divided into two main categories: civil courts and criminal courts. The civil courts include the District Courts, the High Courts, and the Supreme Court of Pakistan. The criminal courts include the Magistrate Courts, the Sessions Courts, and the Anti-Terrorism Courts.
The Constitution of Pakistan:
The Constitution of Pakistan is the supreme law of the land and provides the framework for the country's political, economic, and legal systems. It was adopted in 1973 and has been amended several times since then.
Islamic Law:
Pakistan is an Islamic Republic, and Islamic law or Sharia is recognized as a source of law in the country. The Federal Shariat Court has been established to ensure that all laws are compliant with the principles of Islam.
Criminal Justice System:
The criminal justice system of Pakistan is governed by the Criminal Procedure Code, which provides for the investigation, prosecution, and trial of criminal offenses. The Anti-Terrorism Act has been enacted to deal with cases related to terrorism.
Human Rights:
Pakistan is a signatory to several international human rights treaties, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and has a National Human Rights Commission to protect and promote human rights in the country.
Alternative Dispute Resolution:
Alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, such as mediation, arbitration, and conciliation, are recognized in Pakistan and are becoming increasingly popular as a way to resolve disputes outside of the court system.
Conclusion:
Pakistan's legal system is complex and constantly evolving. While it is largely based on the British common law system, Islamic law and customary practices also play a significant role in the country's legal landscape. The court system is divided into civil and criminal courts, and the Constitution provides the framework for the country's legal and political systems.